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Lysias Speeches 1.1-5Euphiletus asks that the jury treat him well and lays out what he intends to show themarticular infinitive | correlatives | potential optative | dative of advantage | relative clauses | circumstantial participle | future unreal conditional | ὡς | secondary purpose clause with the subjunctive | ὥστε | result clause with infinitive
Lysias Speeches 1.6-10Euphiletus describes his early married life and his domestic arrangementsresult clause with infinitive | ὥστε | present general relative clause | μή | ὥσπερ | ὡς | genitive of touch after ἅπτομαι | καί as also/too | μέν…δέ... | negative | optative in historic indefinite clause | secondary purpose clause with the subjunctive | result clause with indicative | future participle expressing purpose | ὡς | ὥστε | secondary purpose clause with the subjunctive | negative
Lysias Speeches 1.11-14Euphiletus describes the first suspicious behaviour of his wifesecondary purpose clause with the subjunctive | secondary purpose clause with the subjunctive | result clause with indicative | accusative and infinitive | genitive absolute | secondary purpose clause with the subjunctive
Lysias Speeches 1.15-20Euphiletus hears about another woman who has been seduced by Eratosthenes, and forces his servant to reveal the whole storyfuture real conditional | prohibition | negative | negative | prohibition | ὡς | genitive absolute
Lysias Speeches 1.21-26Euphiletus catches his wife and Eratosthenes red-handedὅπως | εἰ δὲ μή | prevention | negative | present real conditional | negative | infinitives | ὡς | indirect command | μέν…δέ... | genitive absolute | μέν…δέ... | circumstantial participle
Lysias Speeches 1.27-36Euphiletus explains his legal reasoningpast unreal conditional | future real conditional | εἰ δὲ μή | result clause with indicative | ὥστε | ὥστε | result clause with indicative | indirect command | negative
Lysias Speeches 1.37-42Euphiletus points out the flaws in his opponents' reasoningpast unreal conditional | past real conditional | past unreal conditional | ὡς | circumstantial participle | ὡς | indicative in indirect speech | past unreal conditional
Lysias Speeches 1.43-50Euphiletus concludes his argument, showing how much he has been wronged by the casepast unreal conditional | μή | future real conditional | εἰ as whether | mixed conditional | present general conditional | ὥστε | result clause with indicative | fear clause with subjunctive
AEuripides Andromache 404-20Andromache resolves to offer herself up to her enemies to save her child's lifedeictic δε | μέν…δέ... | deictic δε | ὁστις | μέν…δέ... | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | crasis | γε | δῆτα | ἕνεκα
AEuripides Bacchae 43-61The god Dionysus explains why he has come to the city of Thebes.future real conditional | circumstantial participle
AEuripides Bacchae 215-234Pentheus explains to the audience how he will punish the bacchantssupplementary participle | accusative and infinitive | correlatives | μέν…δέ...
AEuripides Electra 82-99Orestes explains his plans for vengeance to his friend Pyladescrasis
AEuripides Hecuba 484-500After the fall of Troy, the Greek herald Talthybius finds Hecuba lying prostrated on the ground.
AEuripides Hecuba 218-233Odysseus explains to Hecabe that the victorious Greeks have decided to kill her daughter Polyxena at Achilles’ tomb.
AEuripides Hecuba 303-320Odysseus explains the double need to honour the dead Achillescorrelatives | accusative and infinitive | genitive absolute | δε pointing forward | present general temporal clause | τις | οὐκοῦν or οὔκουν | μέν…δέ... | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | τις | future real conditional | μέν…δέ... | crasis | future unreal conditional
AEuripides Hecuba 807-823After the capture of Troy, Hecabe begs Agamemnon for pity.
AEuripides Helen 557-574Menelaus and Helen recognise each other after a long separation.stichomythia | prohibition
AEuripides Hippolytus 1153-1173The messenger brings news of Hippolytus
AEuripides Hippolytus 1286-1306Artemis reproaches Theseus and explains Phaedra's actions
AEuripides Iphigenia in Tauris 1056-1073Iphigenia asks the chorus for supportthird person imperative | crasis | τε | ethic dative | ὁστις | dative of agent | primary purpose clause | ὁστις
AEuripides Iphigeneia in Tauris 499-516Iphigenia questions a mysterious visitor (Orestes) to Tauris before he can be sacrificed at the temple where she serves as priestess
AEuripides Medea 1-95Prologue: The Nurse outlines the history of Jason and Medea - she is worried about Medea's reaction to Jason marrying the daughter of Creon. The Tutor arrives - he has overheard that Creon intends to banish Medea and her sons. πρίν | πρίν | future future conditional | unfulfilled wish | accusative of respect | potential indicative | dative of instrument | objective genitive | relative clauses | infinitives | relative clauses | fear clause with subjunctive | infinitives | question | prohibition | μι verbs | μι verbs | μι verbs
AEuripides Medea 1002-1080Fifth Episode: The Tutor announces that the gifts have been delivered and is surprised by Medea's reaction to the news. Medea addresses her children and wavers, but ends up certain of her plans.
AEuripides Medea 1116-1250Sixth Episode
AEuripides Medea 1293-1419Exodos
AEuripides Medea 214-409First Episode: Medea enters and bewails the lot of women. Creon enters and banishes her, fearing that she will do something terrible. Medea pleads with him and he gives in. Medea plots her revenge.μή | potential optative | ὡς | μι verbs | μέν…δέ... | present general temporal clause | accusative of respect | infinitives | πρίν | attributive participle | accusative and infinitive | ὡς | μι verbs | prohibition | ὥστε | relative clauses | ὁστις | μι verbs | imperative | ἀλλά | prohibition | ὡς | wish optative | future future conditional | ὥστε | accusative absolute | circumstantial participle | μι verbs | circumstantial participle | indirect question | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | crasis | μι verbs | indirect command | τε | μι verbs | μι verbs
AEuripides Medea 446-618Second Episode: Jason arrives offering to help Medea in her exile and proclaiming his loyalty. Medea responds angrily, and describes how she has been betrayed. Jason defends himself and argues that she is being foolish to turn down his help. Medea accuses him of thinking of nothing but his new wife.future unreal conditional | mixed conditional | mixed conditional | infinitives | present unreal conditional | potential indicative | genitive of comparison | infinitives | result clause with indicative | genitive absolute
AEuripides Medea 663-823Third episode: Aegeus arrives on his way back from Delphi. He sympathises with Medea's plight and offers her safe haven in Athens. Medea announces her plans to kill Creon's wife and her own children. infinitives | stichomythia | secondary purpose clause | stichomythia | genitive absolute | τις | προς 'by the' | circumstantial participle | δῆτα | infinitives | postpositions | imperative | infinitives | wish optative | relative clauses | possessive dative | infinitives | imperative | προς 'by the' | prohibition | indirect question | relative clauses | future unreal conditional | μῶν | relative clauses | infinitives | circumstantial participle | τις | future real conditional | circumstantial participle | μι verbs | τε | present general relative clause | relative clauses | gerundive | dative of agent | γάρ | dramatic aorist | τος sufix | infinitives | potential optative | prohibition | third person imperative | infinitives | potential optative | present real conditional | prohibition | τε
AEuripides Medea 866-975Fourth episode: Jason returns and Medea convinces him that she now repents her earlier words. He agrees to ask Creon not to exile the children and Medea gives the children gifts to present to Creon's daughter.
AEuripides Medea 869-894Medea tells Jason she repents of her previous wordsinfinitives
AEuripides Phoenissae 10-25Jocasta tells how Oedipus came to be born, and how Laius, in remorse for his disobedience to Apollo’s command, handed the baby over to be exposed.prohibition | γάρ | future future conditional | infinitives | relative clauses
AEuripides Suppliants 513-24 526-530Theseus tells Adrastus to bury the deadpresent real conditional | crasis | result clause with infinitive | participle in indirect statement after verbs of perceiving | ὥστε
AHerodotus Histories 1.36The Mysians ask Croesus for his help with a beast who is ravaging their fieldsμέν…δέ... | circumstantial participle | infinitives | primary purpose clause | potential optative
AHerodotus Histories 3.80The rebels against the Magi surprisingly voice their support of democracy
AHomer Odyssey 4 554-569Menelaus has asked the Old Man of the Sea which members of the returning army are alive. He is given the answer, and also told of his own fate.potential optative | article as pronoun | article as pronoun | tmesis | potential optative | prohibition | third person imperative | infinitives
AHomer Odyssey 6 175-194Odysseus asks for, and receives, help from Nausicaa
AHomer Odyssey 6 236-257Nausicaa realises that Odysseus is an important guest and takes care of him accordingly.
AHomer Odyssey 6 266-288Nausicaa describes the Phaeacians and their possible reaction to seeing her accompany Odysseus
AHomer Odyssey 7.22-36Odysseus asks for directions from Athena, who is disguised as a young girl.
AHomer Odyssey 9 252-266The Cyclops asks Odysseus and his men to introduce themselves; Odysseus swallows his fear to explain where they’ve come from.
AHomer Odyssey 19 261-275Odysseus in disguise tells Penelope of his return
AHomer Odyssey 19.308-322Penelope tells the stranger she doesn't think Odysseus will return, but that he should enjoy her hospitality
AHomer Odyssey 19 474-490Eurycleia makes a dangerous realisationπρίν | negative | deictic δε
ALysias 1 14-16genitive absolute | indirect question | optative in indirect speech | accusative and infinitive | indirect speech | infinitives | genitive absolute | perfect tense | genitive absolute | historic present | circumstantial participle | relative clauses | optative in historic indefinite clause | circumstantial participle | circumstantial participle | accusative and infinitive | prohibition | attributive participle | supplementary participle
ALysias Speeches 1.23-25Eratosthenes caught red-handedindirect command | μέν…δέ... | genitive absolute | μέν…δέ... | circumstantial participle | circumstantial participle | dual | indirect question
ALysias Speeches 1.47-50Euphiletus points out the unjustness of the current systemaccusative and infinitive | relative clauses | future real conditional | comparison | καί as also/too | εἰ δὲ μή | infinitives | μέν…δέ... | ὁστις
ALysias Speeches 13.3-6The political situation in which Agoratus, according to the prosecution, committed his crimes.δεῖ | genitive of hearing | primary purpose clause | relative clauses | ὁστις | μέλλω | deictic iota | circumstantial participle | correlatives
ALysias Speeches 19.1-3A speaker asks for the jurors’ goodwill by arguing that defendants are always at a disadvantage.μέν…δέ...
ALysias Speeches 30.27-30The prosecutor contrasts Nicomachus’ character with that of the great law-makers of the past.
APlato Crito 44e-45b3Crito tries to allay some of Socrates' fearsἆρα μή | fear clause with subjunctive | ὡς | circumstantial participle | genitive of comparison
APlato Crito 46b-cSocrates explains that he will not abandon his old convictions unless Crito can persuade him otherwise
APlato Crito 43a-44bCrito arrives bringing Socrates a difficult messageindirect question | ὅπως | articular infinitive | relative clauses | infinitives | infinitive in indirect construction | present general relative clause | infinitives | genitive of time or place within which | relative clauses | relative clauses | genitive absolute
APlato Crito 44b-45cSocrates tells Crito his dream; Crito explains why Socrates doesn't need to worry about moneygenitive absolute | ὡς | relative clauses | present general relative clause | present general conditional | unfulfilled wish | present general relative clause | correlatives | present real conditional | genitive of comparison | prohibition | relative clauses | infinitives | present real conditional | circumstantial participle | infinitives | prohibition | circumstantial participle | third person imperative | potential optative | relative clauses | subjunctive for indefinite future | mixed conditional | ὥστε | result clause with infinitive | ἆρα μή | fear clause with subjunctive | ὡς | circumstantial participle | genitive of comparison | potential optative
APlato Crito 45c-46bCrito explains why Socrates is not right to dieinfinitives | accusative absolute | relative clauses | circumstantial participle | potential optative | relative clauses | ὡς | correlatives | potential optative | ὡς | fear clause with subjunctive | infinitive in indirect construction | prevention | genitive of time or place within which | future future conditional
APlato Crito 46b-47aSocrates argues that he and Crito should revisit arguments they have made previously about whose opinions it is worth listening tocorrelatives | future unreal conditional | gerundive | εἰ as whether | correlatives | present general relative clause | infinitives | relative clauses | πότερον or πότερα | μέν…δέ... | πρίν
APlato Crito 47a-48bSocrates shows that we should discount the opinion of the many: just as we listen only to experts when it comes to our physical health, we should do the same in the case of our soulgerundive | correlatives | present general relative clause | present general conditional | τος sufix
APlato Crito 48b-48dSocrates argues that the only question they should consider is that of doing wrongpotential optative | infinitives | relative clauses | εἰ as whether | articular infinitive | gerundive | gerundive | πότερον or πότερα | infinitives | genitive absolute | hortative subjunctive | mixed conditional | μέν…δέ...
APlato Crito 48e-49dSocrates and Crito conclude that it is never right to do wronggenitive absolute | ὡς | ὡς | infinitives | articular infinitive | negative | genitive of comparison | που | negative | infinitives | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | present general conditional
APlato Crito 49e-51cSocrates introduces the Laws of Athens to clarify his reasoning; they point out that they have the same relationship to citizens as parents have to childrenprohibition | gerundive | πότερον or πότερα | πότερον or πότερα | circumstantial participle | μή | infinitives | γάρ | relative clauses | articular infinitive | perfect tense | circumstantial participle | infinitives | imperative | ὡς | genitive of comparison | infinitives
APlato Crito 51d-53aThe Laws point out that Socrates has signed up to the Laws of Athens as he has not moved away from the city. present real conditional | present general relative clause | accusative and infinitive | future infinitive | attributive participle | μή | future future conditional | accusative and infinitive | future infinitive | ὡς | genitive absolute | genitive absolute | infinitives | relative clauses | future unreal conditional | ὡς | objective genitive | potential optative | relative clauses | infinitives | τε | imperative | εἰ as whether | circumstantial participle | accusative and infinitive | μι verbs
APlato Crito 53b-54eThe Laws point out that it would be ridiculous for Socrates to go to any other city once he had escaped; Socrates and Crito agree that he must stay and await his fateprohibition | word order | ὥστε | accusative and infinitive | ἄν | word order | question | dative of advantage | future real conditional | imperative | accusative and infinitive | future infinitive
APlato Euthyphro 7a-cSocrates establishes what is holy, what is unholy, and which kinds of disagreements lead to hatred and anger. hortative subjunctive | dative of similarity | question | focus | comparison | future unreal conditional
APlato Gorgias 522c-eShould Socrates worry about his inability to defend himself by rhetoric?γε | dative of agent | articular infinitive
APlato Ion 531b3-d2
APlato Ion 532e7-533b5Socrates establishes with Ion that experts don't tend to know about only one painter or sculptorμέν…δέ... | infinitive as verbal complement
APlato Ion 534d4-535a10
APlato Protagoras 319b-cSocrates describes the Athenians' practice of turning to the professionals for expert advice.τος sufix | correlatives | present general conditional | crasis | καί as also/too
AXenophon Anabasis 2.6.16-19The ambitions and weaknesses of the Boeotian soldier Proxenus are dissected.infinitives | future infinitive
AXenophon Anabasis 3.2.9-10At a council of war, the Greeks interpret a sneeze as a sign from the godsgenitive absolute | deictic δε | optative in indirect speech | supplementary participle | ὁστις | third person imperative | μέν…δέ... | genitive absolute
AXenophon Economics 7.4-8Socrates enquires as to the training of Ischomachus' wifeκαί as also/too | πότερον or πότερα | result clause with infinitive | οἱος | ὥστε | μέν…δέ... | ἄν | future optative | ὅπως | connecting relative | result clause with infinitive | γε | τε | ὥστε
AXenophon Hellenica 2.3.6-9The surrender of Samos marks the end of the war and the Spartan Lysander returns with the spoilsεἴ τι ἄλλο | circumstantial participle | κατά distributive
AXenophon Hellenica 4.8.4The Spartan governor of Abydus asks the citizens to remain loyal even in the aftermath of a naval defeat.
AXenophon Hellenica 2.3.54-6Critias hands over Theramenes to the Eleven. The Eleven and their servants drag him off and Xenophon recalls his subsequent behaviour.relative clauses | circumstantial participle | deictic iota | relative clauses | οἱος | articular infinitive | μέν…δέ... | τος sufix | genitive absolute | perfect tense
AXenophon Hellenica 3.3.4-5An informer reports to the Spartan ephors that Kinadon, the leader of a conspiracy, had asked him to count the Spartan citizens in the market place. Kinadon explains that the Spartan citizens are the enemy, but that there are not many of them.
AXenophon Memorabilia 1.1-3Xenophon ponders some of the charges brought against Socrates
AXenophon Memorabilia 2.9.1.3The narrator remembers a discussion between Socrates and Crito on the subject of self-interest.
AXenophon Symposium 2.3-4Socrates on good and bad ways for people to smell.μέν…δέ... | ὥσπερ | dative of instrument | stichomythia | attributive participle
AXenophon Symposium 4.29-31Charmides explains how to live in the city and explores the problems of being rich, going on to explain why a poor man has fewer worries.fear clause with the optative | ὡς | optative in indirect speech | comparison
BEuripides Alcestis 935-953Admetus recognises that he should not have let his wife Alcestis die instead of him.genitive of comparison | genitive of touch after ἅπτομαι
BEuripides Andromache 56-73Andromache's former servant warns her of a Greek plan to kill her sonὡς | indefinite question words
BEuripides Children of Heracles 1018-38The chorus, Alcmene and Eurystheus debate the fate of Eurystheusἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | relative clauses
BEuripides Electra 341-357Electra and her husband discuss the arrival of strangersμέν…δέ... | οὐκοῦν or οὔκουν | που | γάρ | deictic δε | ἀλλά | γάρ
BEuripides Electra 503-519The Old Man (who had been Agamemon's guardian) has some encouraging news for Electra.μῶν | τε | που
BEuripides Hippolytus 1173-1193A messenger reports to Theseus the reaction of his son Hippolytus upon hearing the news of his exile, which Theseus had ordered.
BEuripides Hecuba 1-15The ghost of Polydorus introduces himself
BEuripides Hecuba 382-401Hecuba tries to persuade Odysseus that she should die in her daughter's place
BEuripides Hecuba 812-830Hecuba begs Agamemnon for mercy
BEuripides Hecuba 1157-1175Polymestor relates his woes
BEuripides Heracles 206-221Amphitryon pleads with the new king of Thebes to spare Heracles’ children.
BEuripides Hippolytus 1051-1069Hippolytus pleads with Theseus; Theseus remains firm.
BEuripides Ion 529-543
BEuripides Iphigenia in Tauris 939-952Orestes begins to describe his somewhat chilly reception in Athens on fleeing there in exile after killing his mother.
BEuripides Phoenissae 452-470Jocasta tries to mediate between her two sons Polynices and Eteocles, who are locked in a life-and-death struggle for control of Thebes. She advises them to exercise judgement and restraint. Polynices answers.τε | crasis | imperative | present general temporal clause
BEuripides Rhesus 147-165Hector asks for a volunteer to spy on the Greeksμέν…δέ... | οὐκοῦν or οὔκουν
BEuripides Troades 1269-1286Hecuba's last moments in Troypostpositions | deictic δε | relative clauses | primary purpose clause | hortative subjunctive
BEuripides Trojan WomenAndromache has just heard that her son is to be killed.
BHerodotus Histories 2.120Why Herodotus believes the Trojans’ claim that Helen was never in Troy.past unreal conditional | γε | circumstantial participle | result clause with indicative | secondary purpose clause | secondary purpose clause with the subjunctive
BHerodotus Histories 3.64Cambyses meets his fate at Ecbatana
BHerodotus Histories 3.98How Indians obtain gold
BHerodotus Histories 3.120A quarrel between Oroetes and Polycrates
BHerodotus Histories 4.97Darius is advised not to destroy a bridgegenitive absolute | attributive participle | circumstantial participle | εἰ as whether | genitive of time or place within which | correlatives | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | γε | indefinite question words | fear clause with subjunctive
BHerodotus Histories 9.122A proposal made by the Persians to Cyrus, and his advice to them
BHerodotus Histories 9.27.4-6The Athenians argue that they rightly hold the second place of honour in the line
BHerodotus Histories 9.37Extreme measures from the diviner Hegesistratus
BHerodotus Histories 9.53-55Amompharetus refuses to move
BHerodotus Histories 9.76A woman from Cos supplicates Pausanias
BHerodotus Histories 9.82Pausanias compares Greek and Persian meals
BHomer Iliad 5.121-134Athena enables Diomedes to behold the gods on the Trojan side; he may not fight any of them except Aphrodite.
BHomer Iliad 19.28-41Thetis reassures Achilles about what will happen to Patroclus’ corpse. She will tend to it and ensure its preservation.third person imperative | article as pronoun | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | possessive dative
BHomer Odyssey 5.299-314Odysseus, threatened by a storm at sea, remembers the predictions of Calypso, and wishes that he had died honourably, fighting at Troy.
BHomer Odyssey 8 62-82A bard is brought in to sing to the Phaeacians
BHomer Odyssey 8 214-234Odysseus recounts his skills
BHomer Odyssey 13 128-145Poseidon complains that the Phaeaecians have been disrespecting his wishes in taking Odysseus back to Ithaca. Zeus placates him.exclamatory relative | relative clauses | past unreal conditional | infinitives
BHomer Odyssey 16 70-86Telemachus tells Eumaeus what can be done to entertain a stranger who has recently arrived in Ithacaμέν…δέ... | primary purpose clause | negative | present real conditional
BHomer Odyssey 19.467-484The nurse realises who she's tending to; Odysseus is not best pleaseddative of time when or place at which
BHomer Odyssey 20.104-122One of Odysseus’ servants prays for an end to the suitors’ rampagesμέν…δέ... | epic τε | present general relative clause | wish optative | syllabic nu
BHomer Odyssey 20.287-305
BHomeric Hymn to Apollo 165-178
BLysias Speeches 1.9-11Euphiletus describes the background to the killinggenitive of touch after ἅπτομαι | καί as also/too | μέν…δέ... | negative | optative in historic indefinite clause | secondary purpose clause with the subjunctive | result clause with indicative | future participle expressing purpose | ὡς | ὥστε | secondary purpose clause with the subjunctive | negative | result clause with indicative | accusative and infinitive | genitive absolute | secondary purpose clause with the subjunctive
BLysias Speeches 1.34-36
BLysias Speeches 1.37-40Euphiletus explains why he was right, and why he wouldn't have acted in the way he did if he had been planning to murder Eratosthenespast unreal conditional
BLysias Speeches 3.5-7The defendant relates how Simon broke into his house and embarrassed his female relatives in his amorous pursuit of Theodotus μέν…δέ... | correlatives | μέν…δέ... | infinitives | relative clauses | result clause with infinitive | genitive absolute | ὥστε | pronouns | result clause with infinitive | πρίν | ὥστε
BLysias Speeches 6.50-52The accuser recapitulates his argument at the end of the speech and lists the various crimes that have led the defendant Andocides to be brought to trial for impiety.dative of agent | γάρ | result clause with indicative | articular infinitive | ὥστε | third person imperative | personal δοκεῖ | correlatives | γάρ
BLysias Speeches 19.55-57A litigant tells the jury of his blameless life and how his father contributed to public expenditure without, unlike others, expecting anything in return.
BLysias Speeches 25.1-4The person who is speaking in this speech is concerned with demonstrating that he did not actively collaborate with the Thirty Tyrants who governed Athens after her defeat in the Peloponnesian War.infinitive as verbal complement | attributive participle | circumstantial participle | conditional circumstantial participle | μέν…δέ... | circumstantial participle | attributive participle | present real conditional | infinitive as verbal complement | relative clauses | correlatives | present real conditional | infinitives | accusative and infinitive | perfect tense | attributive participle | dative of agent | mixed conditional | participle in indirect statement after verbs of perceiving | circumstantial participle | οἱος | potential indicative | μέν…δέ... | correlatives | ὡς | infinitive as verbal complement | dative of similarity | μέν…δέ... | attributive participle | infinitives | perfect tense | potential optative | μέν…δέ... | μή
BPlato Crito 47d-48aSocrates shows Crito that we must listen to experts when considering questions of right and wrongpresent general conditional | τος sufix
BPlato Crito 53a-cSocrates imagines how the laws might respond if he breaks themsubordinate clause first | relative clauses | ὥστε
BPlato Crito 44b6-d4Crito begins his attempt at persuading Socrates to escape from prisonpotential optative
BPlato Charmides 159 a-cModeration in all thingsεἴτε | accusative and infinitive | πότερον or πότερα | optative in indirect speech | pronouns
BPlato Gorgias 524b2-d4Socrates describes the similarity between soul and body after the two are separated at death and continues to explain how other, more extreme experiences of the body would be reflected after death.dual
BPlato Hippias Major 285b7-e2What sort of lectures do the Spartans enjoy?result clause with indicative | ὥστε | μήν
BPlato Hippias Minor 364 c-eSocrates and the sophist Hippias discuss Homerenclitic τις with an accent | δε pointing forward | infinitives | μέν…δέ... | mixed conditional | present real conditional | γάρ | γάρ
BPlato Ion 531e-532b
BPlato Ion 540d5-541a6Socrates makes distinctions between different artsἄρα | καί as also/too | ὁστις | supplementary participle | present unreal conditional | ellipsis
BPlato Laws 628c6-e5An Athenian and Clinias, a Cretan, discuss what is best for a city, especially in relation to war. The Athenian uses the metaphor of a sick body to explain what he means.articular infinitive | αὐτός/ὁ αὐτός
BPlato Protagoras 311d4-312a7Socrates establishes Hippocrates purposes in going to see Protagoras
BPlato Phaedrus 244b-244cSocrates (playfully?) recounts the benefits of divine madness (μανία) and how it relates to prophecy (μαντική)—even etymologically.
BPlato Republic 2 375a2-b11The similarity between human and canine guardsοἱος | relative clauses | pronouns
BSophocles Antigone 902-20Antigone contemplates her punishment at the hands of Creon for honouring her brother Polyneices' bodyword order | attributive participle
BXenophon Anabasis 1.4.13-16The Greek commander Menon encourages the men of his contingent to be the first to support Cyrus’ revolt against the Persian King, since in doing so they will secure his gratitude and Cyrus sends Glus with a message for them.
BXenophon Anabasis 3.2.4-6Cleanor bewails deceit and bad faith on the part of the Great King, Tissaphernes and Ariaiosδε pointing forward | relative clauses
BXenophon Constitution of the Athenians 1.13-16How athletics, music and the allies are treated in Athens μέν…δέ... | γοῦν | primary purpose clause | circumstantial participle | circumstantial participle | dative of advantage | potential optative | τις | εἰ as complement
BXenophon Economics 7.35-7The duties of a wife are explained to herκαί as also/too | correlatives | μέν…δέ... | correlatives | μέν…δέ... | gerundive | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | γε
CAchilles Tatius Leucippe and Cleitophon 1.3.5-1.4.1How political are the Greek novels?
CAndocides On the Peace 17-19The Athenians are reminded just how generous the terms of peace given by the Spartans are.μέν…δέ... | past unreal conditional
CAristophanes Frogs 1500-1523
CAristophanes Frogs 209-240
CAristophanes Frogs 686-705
CAristophanes Acharnians 507-519
CAristophanes Lysistrata 119-130Lysistrata proposes a strategy to prevent war that meets with some dissentpossessive dative | future unreal conditional
CDemosthenes On the Peace 5.1-2Demosthenes bemoans the Athenians' approach to decision-makingarticular infinitive | μέν…δέ... | genitive absolute | participle in indirect statement after verbs of perceiving | μέν…δέ...
CDemosthenes Third Phillippic 9.53 Demosthenes advises strong action against the Athenian supporters of Philip. circumstantial participle | πρίν | attributive participle | connecting relative | καί as also/too | result clause with indicative | fear clause with subjunctive | ὥστε | articular infinitive
CDemosthenes Speeches 57.34-6A litigant complains that his opponent's speech has proved nothing; what is more, he has wrongly tried to stir up prejudice against women serving as wet-nurses.infinitives | μέν…δέ... | relative clauses | word order | prohibition | καί as also/too | γάρ | future real conditional | attributive participle | present unreal conditional | οὔτε…οὔτε | prohibition | articular infinitive | attributive participle | γε
CEuripides Alcestis 614-32At the funeral of Admetus’ wife Alcestis, his father Pheres offers words of consolation.
CEuripides Alcestis 773-789Heracles complains of the gloomy welcome he receives from Admetus' servantprimary purpose clause
CEuripides Alcestis 779-793Advice from Herakles: enjoy life while you canrelative clause misbehaving | γάρ | ἀλλά
CEuripides Bacchae 925-934"In a Dionysiac context, costume is never *just* costume."
CEuripides Bacchae 1058-1081
CEuripides Children of Heracles 501-22One of Heracles' daughters considers the options and decides it would be best if she died for the city rather than anyone else.πρίν | μέν…δέ... | accusative absolute | infinitives | future real conditional | question | crasis
CEuripides Hippolytus 176-197The nurse laments the troubles mortals have
CEuripides Hippolytus 337-361Phaedra admits her affliction to her nurse
CEuripides Hippolytus 373-391Phaedra explains where men go wronginfinitive as verbal complement | possessive dative | gerundive | articular infinitive | relative clause misbehaving | μέν…δέ...
CEuripides Hippolytus 498-515The nurse convinces Phaedra to use her potionsgenitive of comparison
CEuripides Hippolytus 682-699Phaedra blames the nurse; the nurse defends herself
CEuripides Hippolytus 708-31Phaedra gets rid of the nurse and turns to the Chorus for advice
CEuripides Medea 231-251Medea bewails the lot of womenἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | crasis
CEuripides Phoenissae 12-27Jocasta tells how Laius had his child exposed.prohibition | γάρ | future future conditional | infinitives | relative clauses
CEuripides Phoenissae 388-403Iokasta asks her son Polyneices what it feels like to be deprived of one's own fatherlandarticular infinitive | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | pronouns
CHomer Iliad 1.23-42Agamemnon’s curse angers Chryses, who prays to Apollo for vengeanceinfinitives | tmesis | prohibition | μή | μή οὐ | lest | primary purpose clause | wish optative
CHomer Iliad 1.285-305
CHomer Iliad 1.498-516Thetis pleads with Zeus to honour her sonὄφρα
CHomer Iliad 2.56-71Agamemnon reports his dream to the Greek eldersinfinitives
CHomer Iliad 3.146-160The Trojan elders comment on Helen from the Scaean gatesthird person imperative | wish optative
CHomer Iliad 3 204-224Antenor remembers and compares Odysseus and Menelaus
CHomer Iliad 3.421-440The women return to the palace; Helen takes Paris to task
CHomer Iliad 6.214-231Glaucon and Diomedes realise old allegiancesaccusative of respect | subjunctive for indefinite future | μέν…δέ... | present general relative clause | hortative subjunctive | primary purpose clause | deictic δε | hortative subjunctive
CHomer Iliad 6.466-481Astyanax is frightened by his father’s appearance
CHomer Iliad 7.37-53Apollo and Athena decide to suggest a plan of action to Hector, which is relayed by the seer Helenus.hortative subjunctive | ἐαν as 'in the hope that' | potential optative
CHomer Iliad 8.1-17Zeus calls a council of the gods and goddesses to warn them about helping either sidethird person imperative | μή
CHomer Iliad 9.624-42Ajax suggests to Odysseus that they give up with their attempt to persuade Achilles
CHomer Iliad 21.120-35Achilles crows over Lycaon’s corpse
CHomer Iliad 22.1-24Achilles makes for Troy
CHomer Iliad 24.32-49Apollo suggests that the other immortals respect Hector
CHomer Iliad 24.522-540Achilles comforts Priam
CHomer Iliad 24.692-709Hector’s corpse is brought back to Troy
CHomer Iliad 24.723-745Andromache laments for her husband
CHomer Odyssey 1.345-359Telemachus reproaches Penelope for telling the bard to stop singing about the Trojan Warquestion | relative clauses | present general relative clause
CHomer Odyssey 2 6-20Telemachus marks his assembly debut with a dashing entranceγάρ
CHomer Odyssey 3 79-97Telemachus asks Nestor for news of his fatherdeictic δε | ἐαν as 'in the hope that' | μέν…δέ... | relative clauses | ὄσος | circumstantial participle | prohibition | imperative
CHomer Odyssey 6 119-136Odysseus comes out of the grove in which he had take refuge to find out who awoke him.
CHomer Odyssey 7 244-58Odysseus tells Arete how he reached Calypso's island Ogygiaτις | dative of time when or place at which | future infinitive | indirect speech
CHomer Odyssey 15 265-281Telemachus befriends a refugeepossessive dative | future participle expressing purpose
CIsocrates To Demonicus 1.13-15Isocrates gives Demonicus some advice on how to become virtuous and improve one's reputationcorrelatives | correlatives | μέν…δέ... | μέν…δέ...
CLysias Speeches 2.55-57The speaker praises the great achievements of his Athenian ancestorspotential optative | μέν…δέ... | circumstantial participle | connecting relative
CLysias Speeches 12.4-6Lysias explains how the Thirty Tyrants targeted resident aliens because of their moneyμέν…δέ... | crasis | result clause with infinitive | ὥστε | γάρ | optative in indirect speech | μέν…δέ... | γάρ
CLysias Speeches 14.1-2No excuse is needed for prosecuting someone so thoroughly disgraceful as Alcibiades.result clause with indicative | present real conditional | relative clauses
CLysias Speeches 24.21-23The speaker pleads for retention of a disability allowancecorrelatives | circumstantial participle | μέν…δέ...
CLuke 2.1
CPlato Gorgias 483a7-c6Callicles describes different kinds of wrong-doingμέν…δέ... | articular infinitive | cognate accusative | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | circumstantial participle | attributive participle
CPlato Hippias Minor 365b-365dSocrates and Hippias discuss a quotation from Iliad 9 in which Achilles tells Odysseus how much he hates those who say one thing and think another.optative in indirect speech | γάρ
CPlato Protagoras 310b-dSocrates has an unexpected visitgenitive of time or place within which | deictic iota | circumstantial participle | μή | γε | optative in indirect speech | future optative | circumstantial participle | perfect tense
CPlato Protagoras 310d-311dSocrates questions Hippocrates' motives for going to see Protagorasμῶν | ὡς | wish optative | future unreal conditional | ὡς | ὡς | ὡς | future participle expressing purpose | future real conditional | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν
CPlato Protagoras 334c7-335a3Socrates asks Protagoras to adjust his arguments to his audienceτυγχάνω | πότερον or πότερα | correlatives
CPlato Theaetetus 142a6-d3How Socrates recognised Theaetetus' early promiseμῶν | ἄλλα τε καί | δοκεῖ μοι
CPlato Timaeus 224b4-d5An Egyptian explains why Greek history is shortμέν…δέ... | δε pointing forward
CSophocles Antigone 71-99Antigone and Ismene argue over the best course of action
CSophocles Antigone 1155-1173The messenger arrives to announce Haemon's death
CSophocles Antigone 1203-1218The Messenger reports how Creon heard of Haemon's death
CSophocles Antigone 304-331Creon threatens the guard and instructs him to find who buried Polyneices
CSophocles Antigone 497-511Antigone and Creon argue about how shameful her actions arewish optative | exclamatory relative | potential indicative | future unreal conditional | crasis | τε | γάρ
CSophocles Antigone 531-551Antigone and Ismene discuss who was responsible for the burying of their brothernegative | prohibition | articular infinitive
CSophocles Antigone 655-672Creon explains why he must punish family
CSophocles Oedipus at Colonus 1-18Oedipus and Antigone arrive at the outskirts of Athenscrasis | ἄν | primary purpose clause | indirect question | deictic δε | ὡς
CSophocles Oedipus Coloneus 1291-1307Polyneices explains his actionsconnecting relative
CSophocles Oedipus Tyrannus 447-462Teiresias boldy tells Oedipus that he will not leave before revealing a horrible truthrelative clauses | infinitive as imperative
CThucydides The Peloponnesian War 2.1How the war beganoptative in indirect speech | ὥστε
CThucydides The Peloponnesian War 3.72.2-74.1Beginnings of civic violence in Corcyragenitive absolute | attributive participle
CXenophon Anabasis 4.8A former slave, instructed by Xenophon, negotiates a truce between Greeks and barbariansaccusative and infinitive | optative in indirect speech | accusative and infinitive | present real conditional | indirect question | ἀλλά | ὄτι in direct speech | indirect command | future participle expressing purpose | γε | indirect question | potential optative | καί…καί | accusative and infinitive
CXenophon Agesilaus 1Agesilaus should be praised for the nobility of both his family and his cityμέν…δέ... | potential optative
CXenophon Agesilaus 7.1.3Xenophon outlines Agesilaus' virtues as a rulerpotential optative | relative clauses | ὡς | deictic δε | circumstantial participle | supplementary participle
CXenophon Cyropaedia 7.2.11-13Cyrus asks Croesus for advice. Cyrus' men deserve a reward for captuing Sardis, but he does not want them to sack the city. Croesus comes up with a plan to appease Cyrus' army without the city being destroyed. participle in indirect statement after verbs of perceiving | accusative and infinitive | future future conditional
CXenophon Economics 3.10-12Some men try to live co-operatively with their wives: but whose fault is it when they go wrong?μέν…δέ... | result clause with infinitive | ὥστε | μέν…δέ... | question
CXenophon Hellenica 2.3.24–27Critias explains why it is necessary to kill not only democrats, but also his fellow oligarch Theramenes.μέν…δέ... | accusative and infinitive | potential optative | correlatives | accusative and infinitive | third person imperative | future real conditional | articular infinitive | articular infinitive
CXenophon Hiero 6.1-4Uneasy lies the head that wears a crownμέν…δέ... | articular infinitive | articular infinitive | μέν…δέ... | articular infinitive | εἴ τι ἄλλο | dative of similarity
CXenophon Memorabilia 1.1.20-2.2.2 How could Socrates have made other people bad since he was so wise himself?correlatives | accusative and infinitive | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | articular infinitive
CXenophon Memorabilia 1.6Socrates questions whether his life really is as miserable as Antiphon thinksδοκεῖ μοι | ἄν | μέν…δέ... | πότερον or πότερα | ἄν
DAeschylus Eumenides 454-469Orestes relates his history to Athena.crasis | ὡς | relative clauses
DAeschylus Persians 447-65Xerxes' disastrous strategyτις | exclamatory relative
DAntiphon On the murder of Herodes 5.26-27Amphibious murdergenitive absolute | μέν…δέ... | μέν…δέ... | word order
DAristophanes Clouds 1043-57The Better Argument and the Worse Argument debate: are hot baths bad for one's character?question | word order | question | δῆτα
DAristophanes Ecclesiazusae 1144-1162Blepyrus goes off to celebrate, and the Chorus commend their play to the judgesarticular infinitive | οὐκοῦν or οὔκουν | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | infinitives
DAristophanes Peace 215-233Hermes predicts to the Athenian Trygaeus what Peace and War will do if a truce with the Spartans is rejectedgenitive of time or place within which | accusative of respect | gerundive | mixed conditional | γοῦν
DDemosthenes Second PhilippicThose who speak in the Athenian assembly find it is easier to denounce Philip’s behaviour than to propose practical measures.
DDemosthenes Third Philippic 9.25–27Demosthenes catalogues Philip of Macedon’s recent military and political victories to prove that nothing in Greek history can compare to his recent injustices.μέν…δέ... | κατά distributive
DDemosthenes Speeches 9.3-4Freedom of speech has its dangersμέν…δέ... | μέν…δέ... | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | μέν…δέ...
DDemosthenes Speeches 18.177-9Demosthenes recalls a speech in which he gave some advice on how best to handle the Thebansaccusative and infinitive | δεῖ | μέν…δέ... | genitive absolute | word order
DDemosthenes Against Meidias 21.222-225It is the power of the laws which gives authority to the jurors.prohibition
DEuripides Andromache 1-6, 8-19Andromache introduces herself to the audience with a brief summary of what she has suffered so far.ἵνα with indicative
DEuripides Andromache 624-44Peleus reproaches Menelaus for his record of bad behaviourμή | μή | infinitives
DEuripides Bacchae 266-285Teiresias advises Pentheus not to ridicule Dionysus.
DΕuripides Bacchae 769–786Pentheus is unmoved by pleas to allow the worship of Dionysus, and calls for an attack on the Bacchants.
DEuripides Cyclops 519–538Enjoy your drink with care.
DEuripides Ion 289-307Ion quizzes Creusa about her husband and their reasons for consulting the oracleexclamatory relative | crasis | ὡς
DHerodotus Histories 2.118The Egyptian priests tell Herodotus their version of the Trojan war.genitive absolute | δε pointing forward
DHerodotus Histories 8.37Miracles at the temple of Athena Pronaea infinitives | possessive dative | genitive of touch after ἅπτομαι | genitive of comparison | πρίν
DHerodotus Histories 9.7An Athenian embassy to Sparta explains the rejection of a settlement with the Persians.μέν…δέ... | article as pronoun | lack of contraction | optative in indirect speech | circumstantial participle | τε | participles after καίπερ
DHomer Iliad 1.172-192Agamemnon threatens Achillesτε
DHomer Iliad 3.225-242Priam asks Helen to identify some more Achaeansoptative in historic indefinite clause
DHomer Iliad 3.318Lots are drawn between Paris and Menelaus
DHomer Iliad 6.263-285Hector asks his mother to pray to Athena on his behalfμή | wish optative | future unreal conditional | γε
DHomer Iliad 6.343-358Helen admits the weaknesses of Paris and urges Hector to come and sit with her
DHomer Iliad 9 182-198Odysseus and Ajax attempt to placate Achilles
DHomer Iliad 16.2-19Achilles asks Patroclus why he is crying.primary purpose clause | epic τε
DHomer Iliad 16.439-457Hera warns Zeusexclamatory relative | article as pronoun | μή
DHomer Iliad 18 88-111Thetis and Achilles lament together
DHomer Iliad 21 257-274Achilles is overtaken by the river
DHomer Iliad 22.249-269Hector asks Achilles for an agreement that the victor in combat will give back the body of the slain to his family for burial.
DHomer Iliad 24.314-332Zeus sends a portent to Priam to speed him on his way to the Achaean camp
DHomer Odyssey 1 80-95Athena outlines her plan for Odysseus' returnἐαν as 'in the hope that' | future participle expressing purpose
DHomer Odyssey 2.87-103The suitor Antinous accuses Penelope of foul play
DHomer Odyssey 3.75-91Telemachus answers Nestor's questions and asks in turn about Odysseusἐαν as 'in the hope that' | accusative and infinitive | circumstantial participle
DHomer Odyssey 11.1-22
DHomer Odyssey 13 291-310Athena compares herself to Odysseus and gives him some help.μέλλω | circumstantial participle
DHomer Odyssey 13 311-328Odysseus reviews his relationship with Athenasecondary purpose clause | γε | τις
DHomeric Hymn to Hermes 4.254-272Apollo challenges the new-born Hermes with knowing about his missing cattle
DIsocrates To Nicocles 3.14-16Monarchy rules OKμέν…δέ... | present general conditional | γε | articular infinitive
DLysias Speeches 24.4-6A defendant argues that he should not be deprived of a disability allowance from the cityaccusative and infinitive
DPlato Charmides 156a9-c9Socrates introduces Charmides to the idea of holistic medicinecorrelatives | relative clauses | indefinite question words | optative in indirect speech | καί as also/too
DPlato Euthyphro 2B-DSocrates explains Meletus’ indictment against him.
DPlato Euthydemus 273c1-e2What do two sophists, Euthydemus and Dionysodorus, teach?correlatives | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | dual
DPlato Gorgias 523a1-c1Socrates explains how the judgement of men at their death changed after the age of Kronos. δε pointing forward | μέν…δέ...
DPlato Lysis 207e1-208b1Socrates asks a teenager whether his parents allow him to drive their chariotδε pointing forward | ἄν | οὐκοῦν or οὔκουν | ἐάν as ἄν or ἤν | ἄν
DPlato Menexenus 238b7-d5As part of a funeral oration, Socrates praises the ancestral constitution of Athens.deictic δε | word order | μέν…δέ... | μέν…δέ...
DPlato Phaedo 84e-85b7Socrates explains to Simmias that, as with swans, he rejoices at the prospect of his imminent death.genitive of comparison | present general temporal clause | καί as also/too | circumstantial participle | δή | accusative of respect
DPlato Phaedrus 230e–231bThe advantages non-lovers have over lovers.
DPlato Republic 3 393d3-394b2The start of the Iliad rewrittenpast unreal conditional | μέν…δέ...
DSolon fr. 13.1-16A prayer for justice and wealth.
DSophocles Antigone 1064-1086Teiresias predicts Creon's ruin
DSophocles Ajax 485-503Tecmessa seeks her husband's understandinggenitive of comparison | relative clauses
DSophocles Antigone 683-702Haemon suggests his father change his mind
DSophocles Electra 23-41Orestes has just arrived at Mycenae: he thanks his old paedagogos for his loyalty and asks him for advice.exclamatory relative | simile
DSophocles Trachiniae 49-66As Deianeira laments the absence of Heracles, the nurse proves that even a slave can give good advice.μέν…δέ... | καί as also/too | γάρ
DThucydides 2.71.2-4The Plataeans remind the Spartans of Pausanias’ oath to grant and defend Plataean independence.
DThucydides The Peloponnesian War 3.47Diodotus explains why the Athenians should not punish the demos of Mytilene for the island's rebellion from the empire.future future conditional | τε | relative clauses | genitive of comparison | imperative | relative clauses | potential optative | circumstantial participle
DThucydides The Peloponnesian War 4.59Hermon tries to persuade the Sicilians that, given the risks involved in waging war, mediation is their best policy.οὔτε…οὔτε | οὔτε…οὔτε | μέν…δέ...
DThucydides The Peloponnesian War 5.40The Argives are anxious to make an alliance with Spartafear clause with subjunctive | ὡς | τε | participle in indirect statement after verbs of perceiving | accusative and infinitive | τε | ὥστε | result clause with infinitive | future infinitive | mixed conditional
DThucydides The Peloponnesian War 5.27After the Spartans have established an alliance with Athens, the Corinthians try to persuade the Argives to make a defensive alliance of their own with other cities.accusative and infinitive | καί as also/too
DThucydides The Peloponnesian War 7.8.1-3Nikias asks for reinforcements, considering carefully how best to deliver his messageμή | articular infinitive | ἄν
DThucydides The Pelopennesian War 7.71.2-3Spectators respond to the varying fortunes of the Athenian fleetdative of similarity
DThucydides The Peloponnesian War 8 65.1-66.1Plotting and preparation in Athens for Peisander's takeoverdative of agent | οὔτε…οὔτε | gerundive | present general relative clause
DThucydides Pelopennesian War 2.1.1-2The Peloponnesian War begins.
DXenophon Economics 4.12-15Socrates explains how highly the Xerxes rates gardens.